Breaking the waves and stereotypes: female surfing as not only sport but social movement and insult to cultures

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the theoretical background for phenomena occurring in modern female surfing. It describes the barriers (not only religious or cultural) encountered by women wishing to surf today, which we know from the media. Female surfers not only break the waves but also many socio-cultural barriers and stereotypes. We characterize barriers that can also be found in regions where surfing is treated as a national good or as a good way for healthy lifestyle.